In Kansas, Langston worked for black suffrage and the right of African Americans to sit on juries, testify in court, and have their children educated in common schools.

Charles Henry Langston was an African-American leader from Boston who worked and lived in Leavenworth and northeast Kansas in the Reconstruction era and afterward. In 1866, the 10th Regiment of Cavalry, an all-black unit within the U.S. By 1865 it had attracted nearly one-fifth of the 12,000 blacks in the state. Refugee African Americans continued to settle in the city during the war.

Although the federal government never approved this early version of the state constitution, it was considered one of the most radical of the four constitutions drafted for the new territory because it recognized freed blacks as citizens. On April 3, 1858, the ' Leavenworth Constitution' for the state of Kansas was adopted here. In the years before the American Civil War, Leavenworth was a hotbed of anti-slavery and pro-slavery agitation, often leading to open physical confrontations on the street and in public meetings. Abolition supporters helped them find refuge.

Its location on the Missouri River attracted refugee African-American slaves in the antebellum years, who were seeking freedom from the slave state of Missouri across the river. The city developed south of Fort Leavenworth, which was established as Cantonment Leavenworth in 1827 by Colonel Henry Leavenworth. Leavenworth, founded in 1854, was the first city incorporated in the territory of Kansas.

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